Federal Civil Practice in Virginia

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

1.1 INTRODUCTION BY THE EDITOR

1.2 DISTRICTS, DIVISIONS, AND COURT LOCATIONS
1.201 Districts and Divisions
1.202 Court Locations
1.203 Division in Which Suit Is Filed

1.3 ADMISSION TO PRACTICE
1.301 In General
1.302 Pro Hac Vice
1.303 Third-Year Practice

1.4 ELECTRONIC FILING
1.401 In General
1.402 Eastern District
1.403 Western District

1.5 CITATIONS TO LOCAL RULES

APPENDIX 1-1: LOCAL RULES FOR THE UNITED STATES
DISTRICT COURT FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF
VIRGINIA

APPENDIX 1-2: LOCAL RULES FOR THE UNITED STATES
DISTRICT COURT FOR THE WESTERN DISTRICT OF
VIRGINIA

CHAPTER 2: SUBJECT-MATTER AND PERSONAL
JURISDICTION, REMOVAL, AND OTHER PREFILING
CONSIDERATIONS

2.1 STRATEGIC Q UESTIONS—DO YOU WANT TO BE IN
FEDERAL COURT?
2.101 Some Potential Advantages
2.102 Some Potential Disadvantages

2.2 CONSTITUTIONAL AND STATUTORY FOUNDATIONS
2.201 Grant of Jurisdiction Under Article III
2.202 Congressional Power over Creation and Jurisdiction of
Courts
2.203 Judicial Power of Federal Courts
2.204 Standing
2.205 Mootness
2.206 Political Questions
2.207 Adversity
2.208 Ripeness

2.3 MECHANICS OF ESTABLISHING OR CHALLENGING
JURISDICTION
2.301 Burden of Proof
2.302 Basis for Jurisdiction Must Appear on Face of
Complaint
2.303 Court Decides Whether It Has Jurisdiction; Discovery;
Hearing Evidence
2.304 Timing of Challenges

2.4 PERSONAL JURISDICTION
2.401 Basic Rules and Provisions
2.402 Distinction Between “General” and “Specific” in
Personam Jurisdiction
2.403 General Personal Jurisdiction
2.404 Specific Personal Jurisdiction
2.405 Virginia Long-Arm Statute
2.406 Service of Process on Foreign Entities
2.407 Burden of Proof for Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(b)(2) Motions
2.408 Minimum Contacts to Satisfy Due Process
2.409 Foreign Policy Interest
2.410 Internet Websites as Basis for Personal Jurisdiction
2.411 General Personal Jurisdiction and Internet Website
Issues
2.412 Registration of an Internet Domain Name as a Basis
for Personal Jurisdiction—Eastern District of Virginia
Cases

2.5 FEDERAL QUESTION JURISDICTION
2.501 Governing Statute
2.502 The “Laws of the United States” Under 28 U.S.C.
§ 1331
2.503 Hybrid State and Federal Law Claims
2.504 Declaratory Judgment Act
2.505 Federal Tort Claims Act
2.506 Other Examples of Federal Claims Exclusive to
Federal Court
2.507 Presumption of Concurrent Federal and State
Jurisdiction over Most Other Federal Claims
2.508 Federal Defense to State Law Claim Cannot Establish
Federal Question Jurisdiction
2.509 “Substantial Question of Federal Law”

2.6 DIVERSITY OF CITIZENSHIP/ALIENAGE JURISDICTION
2.601 Sources and Basic Rules
2.602 Complete Diversity
2.603 Alienage Jurisdiction
2.604 Criteria for Determining Citizenship
2.605 Amount in Controversy
2.606 Injunctions
2.607 Class Action Fairness Act of 2005 (“CAFA”)

2.7 REMOVAL JURISDICTION
2.701 Sources of Authority and General Rules
2.702 Who May Remove
2.703 Defendant May Remove Any Action if It Originally
Could Have Been Filed in Federal Court
2.704 Only Cases Originally Filed and Pending in State
Court May Be Removed Under 28 U.S.C. § 1441(a)
2.705 Cases Must Be Removed to Federal District Court for
District and Division in Which State Court Action Is
Pending Under 28 U.S.C. § 1446(a)
2.706 Time for Removal
2.707 Effect of Removal
2.708 Remand
2.709 Jury Trial Waiver Trap

2.8 SUPPLEMENTAL J URISDICTION
2.801 Supplemental Jurisdiction Under 28 U.S.C. § 1367
2.802 Related Claims
2.803 Limitations on Supplemental Jurisdiction in Diversity
Cases
2.804 Court’s Discretion to Decline Jurisdiction
2.805 Tolling of Statute of Limitations

2.9 VENUE
2.901 General Rules and Provisions
2.902 Venue Transfer for Convenience: 28 U.S.C. § 1404(a)
and Forum Non Conveniens

2.10 PREEMPTION AND ABSTENTION
2.1001 Federal Preemption
2.1002 Abstention
2.1003 Five Traditionally Recognized Types of Abstention
2.1004 Rooker-Feldman Doctrine

2.11 ELEVENTH AMENDMENT AND MISCELLANEOUS OTHER
RESTRAINTS ON EXERCISE OF JURISDICTION
2.1101 Eleventh Amendment
2.1102 Anti-Injunction Act of 1793
2.1103 Tax Injunction Act of 1937
2.1104 Johnson Act of 1934

2.12 MAGISTRATE JUDGE JURISDICTION
2.1201 Role in the Judicial System
2.1202 Powers
2.1203 Western District of Virginia Local Rule 73

2.13 SERVICE OF PROCESS AND CORPORATE DISCLOSURE
STATEMENT
2.1301 Service of Process
2.1302 Corporate Disclosure Statement

APPENDIX 2-1: FEDERAL ISSUES CHECKLIST

APPENDIX 2-2: SUMMONS IN A CIVIL ACTION—EASTERN AND
WESTERN DISTRICTS OF VIRGINIA

APPENDIX 2-3: NOTICE OF A LAWSUIT AND REQUEST TO
WAIVE SERVICE OF A SUMMONS

APPENDIX 2-4: WAIVER OF THE SERVICE OF SUMMONS

APPENDIX 2-5: DISCLOSURE OF CORPORATE AFFILIATIONS
(WESTERN DISTRICT)

APPENDIX 2-6: FINANCIAL INTERESTS DISCLOSURE
STATEMENT (EASTERN DISTRICT)

CHAPTER 3: DISCOVERY

3.1 INITIAL SCHEDULING ORDERS
3.101 Eastern District
3.102 Western District

3.2 THE RULE 26(f) CONFERENCE
3.201 Federal Rule
3.202 Eastern District
3.203 Western District
3.204 Practical Tips

3.3 THE RULE 26(f) REPORT (THE “DISCOVERY PLAN”)
3.301 Federal Rule
3.302 Eastern District
3.303 Western District
3.304 Practical Tips

3.4 RULE 16(b) CONFERENCE (AND RULE 16(b) SCHEDULING
ORDER)
3.401 Eastern District
3.402 Western District
3.403 Practical Tip

3.5 RULE 26(a)(1) INITIAL DISCLOSURES
3.501 Federal Rule
3.502 Eastern District
3.503 Western District
3.504 Significant Points
3.505 Recent Case Law

3.6 INTERROGATORIES AND DOCUMENT REQUESTS
3.601 Federal Rule
3.602 Eastern District
3.603 Western District
3.604 Recent Case Law

3.7 DEPOSITIONS
3.701 Federal Rule
3.702 Eastern District
3.703 Western District
3.704 Practical Tips
3.705 Recent Case Law

3.8 SUBPOENAS
3.801 Federal Rule
3.802 Eastern District
3.803 Western District

3.9 EXPERT DISCLOSURES AND DISCOVERY
3.901 Federal Rule
3.902 Eastern District
3.903 Western District
3.904 Practical Tips
3.905 Recent Case Law

3.10 RESOLUTION OF DISCOVERY DISPUTES
3.1001 Federal Rule
3.1002 Eastern District
3.1003 Western District
3.1004 Practical Tips
3.1005 Recent Case Law

3.11 PROTECTIVE ORDERS
3.1101 Federal Rule
3.1102 Eastern District
3.1103 Western District
3.1104 Practical Tips
3.1105 Recent Case Law

APPENDIX 3-1: INITIAL SCHEDULING ORDER—ALEXANDRIA

APPENDIX 3-2: RULE 26(F) PRETRIAL ORDER—NORFOLK

APPENDIX 3-3: WESTERN DISTRICT SCHEDULING ORDER
(JUDGE CONRAD)

APPENDIX 3-4: WESTERN DISTRICT SCHEDULING ORDER
(JUDGE JONES)

APPENDIX 3-5: WESTERN DISTRICT SCHEDULING ORDER
(JUDGE KISER)

APPENDIX 3-6: WESTERN DISTRICT SCHEDULING ORDER
(JUDGE MOON)

APPENDIX 3-7: WESTERN DISTRICT SCHEDULING ORDER
(JUDGE URBANSKI)

APPENDIX 3-8: WESTERN DISTRICT SCHEDULING ORDER
(JUDGE DILLON)

APPENDIX 3-9: OUTLINE ON ELECTRONICALLY STORED
INFORMATION (“ESI”) (JUDGE MORGAN)

APPENDIX 3-10” A DOZEN TIPS FOR FEDERAL PRACTICE IN
NORFOLK AND NEWPORT NEWS DIVISIONS (JUDGE
MORGAN)

APPENDIX 3-11” RULE 16(B) CONFERENCE WORKSHEET—
NORFOLK

APPENDIX 3-12: RULE 16(B) SCHEDULING ORDER—
ALEXANDRIA (MAGISTRATE JUDGE ANDERSON)

APPENDIX 3-13: RULE 16(B) SCHEDULING ORDER—
ALEXANDRIA (MAGISTRATE JUDGE BUCHANAN)

APPENDIX 3-14: RULE 16(B) SCHEDULING ORDER—
ALEXANDRIA (MAGISTRATE JUDGE DAVIS)

APPENDIX 3-15: RULE 16(B) SCHEDULING ORDER—
ALEXANDRIA (MAGISTRATE JUDGE NACHMANOFF)

APPENDIX 3-16: INITIAL SCHEDULING ORDER—RICHMOND
(JUDGE GIBNEY)

APPENDIX 3-17: INITIAL PRETRIAL ORDER—RICHMOND
(JUDGE GIBNEY)

APPENDIX 3-18: ORDER SETTING PRETRIAL CONFERENCE—
RICHMOND (JUDGE HUDSON)

APPENDIX 3-19: SCHEDULING ORDER AND PRETRIAL
SCHEDULE—RICHMOND (JUDGE HUDSON)

APPENDIX 3-20: INITIAL PRETRIAL ORDER—RICHMOND
(JUDGE HUDSON)

APPENDIX 3-21: ORDER SETTING PRETRIAL CONFERENCE—
RICHMOND (JUDGE LAUCK)

APPENDIX 3-22: INITIAL PRETRIAL ORDER—RICHMOND
(JUDGE LAUCK)

APPENDIX 3-23: ORDER SETTING PRETRIAL CONFERENCE—
RICHMOND (JUDGE PAYNE)

APPENDIX 3-24: SCHEDULING ORDER AND PRETRIAL
SCHEDULE—RICHMOND (JUDGE PAYNE)

APPENDIX 3-25: INITIAL PRETRIAL ORDER—RICHMOND
(JUDGE PAYNE)

APPENDIX 3-26: RULE 16(B) SCHEDULING ORDER—NORFOLK
(JUDGE ALLEN)

APPENDIX 3-27: RULE 16(B) SCHEDULING ORDER—NORFOLK
(JUDGE DAVIS)

APPENDIX 3-28: RULE 16(B) SCHEDULING ORDER—NORFOLK
(JUDGE DOUMAR)

APPENDIX 3-29: RULE 16(B) SCHEDULING ORDER—NORFOLK
(JUDGE JACKSON)

APPENDIX 3-30: RULE 16(B) SCHEDULING ORDER—NORFOLK
(JUDGE SMITH)

APPENDIX 3-31: JAIN V. ABBOTT LABORATORIES, INC.

APPENDIX 3-32: COMPARISON CHART SHOWING
AMENDMENTS TO FEDERAL RULES OF CIVIL
PROCEDURE EFFECTIVE DECEMBER 1, 2015

CHAPTER 4: MOTIONS

4.1 MOTIONS TO REMAND
4.101 Procedural Defects in Removal
4.102 Other Challenges to Diversity Jurisdiction—John Doe
Defendants

4.2 MOTIONS FOR PRELIMINARY INJUNCTION
4.201 Preliminary Injunctions Governed by
Fed. R. Civ. P. 65
4.202 Temporary Restraining Order Distinguished
4.203 Formal Requirements for Obtaining a Preliminary
Injunction
4.204 Special Requirements of Fed. R. Civ. P. 65(d)
4.205 Legal Standard for Issuance
4.206 Application of the Real Truth About Obama Factors
4.207 Defeating a Moving Party’s Motion for a Preliminary
Injunction
4.208 Fed. R. Civ. P. 65(c) Bond Requirement
4.209 Appeals of Preliminary Injunctions Orders

4.3 MOTIONS TO DISMISS
4.301 Scope of Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(b)
4.302 Timing of Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(b) Motion
4.303 Procedural Considerations for Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(b)
Motions
4.304 Effect of Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(b) Motions

4.4 MOTIONS TO TRANSFER
4.401 Scope of 28 U.S.C. § 1404(a)
4.402 Timing
4.403 Procedure
4.404 Burden
4.405 Factors Considered
4.406 Motion to Dismiss/Transfer
4.407 Review

4.5 MOTIONS FOR JUDGMENT BY DEFAULT
4.501 Scope of Fed. R. Civ. P. 55
4.502 First Step—Entry of Default
4.503 Motion for Judgment by Default
4.504 Setting Aside a Default and a Judgment by Default

4.6 DISCOVERY MOTIONS AND MOTIONS FOR SANCTIONS

4.7 MOTIONS FOR LEAVE TO FILE A DOCUMENT UNDER
SEAL
4.701 Eastern District of Virginia
4.702 Western District of Virginia
4.703 Fourth Circuit

4.8 MOTIONS FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT
4.801 Authorization Under Fed. R. Civ. P. 56
4.802 Standard Applied to Motion
4.803 Procedural Requirements
4.804 Orders that “Fail to Grant all the Requested Relief”
4.805 Appeal of Summary Judgment Orders

4.9 MOTIONS CHALLENGING EXPERT TESTIMONY
4.901 Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
4.902 Kumho Tire Co. v. Carmichael
4.903 Procedure
4.904 Daubert/Kumho Analysis
4.905 Standard of Review
4.906 Timeliness

4.10 PRACTICAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR MOTIONS PRACTICE
4.1001 Eastern District of Virginia
4.1002 Western District of Virginia

APPENDIX 4-1: POULIN V. GENERAL DYNAMICS SHARED
RESOURCES, INC.

CHAPTER 5: PRETRIAL MATTERS AND TRIAL PREPARATION

5.1 USE OF SETTLEMENT CONFERENCES
5.101 Fed. R. Civ. P. 16 as Basis for a Court-Ordered
Settlement Conference
5.102 Settlement and Alternative Dispute Resolution
5.103 Leading Cases Concerning Court-Ordered Settlement
Conferences or Alternative Dispute Resolution
Methods
5.104 Secondary Authorities on Settlement Conferences
5.105 Practical Considerations for an Effective Settlement
Conference
5.106 Private Mediation as an Alternative to Court-
Sponsored Settlement Conferences

5.2 PREPARATION AND USE OF JURY INSTRUCTIONS AND
VERDICT FORMS
5.201 Applicable Rules
5.202 Resources for Writing Effective Jury Instructions
5.203 Jury Instructions on Use of Social Media During Trial
5.204 Practical Tips for Effective Preparation and Use of
Jury Instructions

5.3 TRIAL BRIEFS, FINDINGS OF FACT, AND CONCLUSIONS
OF LAW
5.301 Trial Briefs
5.302 Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law—Fed. R. Civ.
P. 52
5.303 Secondary Sources

5.4 HOW JURY SELECTION WORKS
5.401 Jury Voir Dire
5.402 Jury Selection: Restrictions on Peremptory Challenges

5.5 PRETRIAL CONFERENCES
5.501 Eastern District
5.502 Western District

5.6 INTRODUCTION OF EXHIBITS
5.601 Eastern District
5.602 Western District
5.603 Practical Considerations

5.7 USE OF DEPOSITIONS AT TRIAL
5.701 Eastern District Deposition Designations
5.702 Fed. R. Civ. P. 30(b)(6) Depositions—Directors,
Officers, and Managing Agents
5.703 Deposition Errata Sheets
5.704 Use of Videotape Depositions
5.705 Effective Trial Use of Videotaped Depositions
5.706 Secondary Sources on Effective Use of Videotaped
Depositions at Trial
5.707 Practical Considerations

5.8 USE OF TECHNOLOGY IN PRESENTING EVIDENCE AT
TRIAL
5.801 The Fact Finder’s Retention Problem
5.802 Methods of Presentation
5.803 Courtroom Technology
5.804 Secondary Sources

TABLE OF AUTHORITIES

INDEX